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The cost of Defence: ASPI Defence Budget Brief 2025-2026

Building national preparedness: A road map for Australia and what we should learn from Finland

Shifting the needle: Making Australia’s research security ecosystem work smarter

Since 2018, the Australian Government has made serious strides in countering espionage and foreign interference, including introducing policy and legislative reforms aimed at protecting the research and university sector. That was necessary. Foreign states have actively targeted Australia’s research ecosystem—seeking to influence research agendas, extract sensitive information and exploit institutional vulnerabilities. However, the threat landscape […]

North of 26 degrees south and the security of Australia: views from The Strategist, Volume 11

The Northern Australia Strategic Policy Centre’s latest report, North of 26 degrees south and the security of Australia: views from The Strategist, Volume 11, contains articles published in ASPI’s The Strategist over the last six months. Expanding on previous volumes, this edition introduces thematic chapters focused on a range of subjects relevant to northern Australia. […]

Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

The China challenge can make Australia more cohesive, but only if we all face it

Whatever diplomatic niceties were exchanged during Premier…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

How Australia can exploit China’s stadium diplomacy

China continues to pursue stadium diplomacy in the Pacific,…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Dialogue with China’s Premier Li was a missed opportunity

Dialogue has many meanings and purposes. But substantial dialogue…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Countering coercion: Australia must engage with allies on critical minerals supply

This is the second part of a two-part article on coercive threats…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

In the Middle East, China presents itself as a constructive actor

Beijing appears to be strengthening its role of mediator in…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

The challenge of communist China

The problem of dealing with a belligerent communist China is…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Russia, Azerbaijan exploit New Caledonian strife against France; China stays mum

As the recent troubles in New Caledonia gradually calm down,…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

China’s control and coercion in critical minerals

This is the first of two parts of an article on coercive threats…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Letter from Taiwan: inauguration day 2024

The 20 May 2024 inauguration of Taiwan's new president, Lai…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Understanding Xi Jinping Thought: the clear and present implications for democratic nations

Xi Jinping Thought (XJT) is now the principal ideology governing…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

US versus China in Asian security at Shangri-La dialogue

The annual Singapore sound-off between the defence ministers…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

The dangerous retreat into protectionism

Trade barriers, tariffs and other protectionist tools are starting…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

The China challenge can make Australia more cohesive, but only if we all face it

Whatever diplomatic niceties were exchanged during Premier…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

How Australia can exploit China’s stadium diplomacy

China continues to pursue stadium diplomacy in the Pacific,…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Dialogue with China’s Premier Li was a missed opportunity

Dialogue has many meanings and purposes. But substantial dialogue…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Countering coercion: Australia must engage with allies on critical minerals supply

This is the second part of a two-part article on coercive threats…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

In the Middle East, China presents itself as a constructive actor

Beijing appears to be strengthening its role of mediator in…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

The challenge of communist China

The problem of dealing with a belligerent communist China is…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Russia, Azerbaijan exploit New Caledonian strife against France; China stays mum

As the recent troubles in New Caledonia gradually calm down,…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

China’s control and coercion in critical minerals

This is the first of two parts of an article on coercive threats…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Letter from Taiwan: inauguration day 2024

The 20 May 2024 inauguration of Taiwan's new president, Lai…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Understanding Xi Jinping Thought: the clear and present implications for democratic nations

Xi Jinping Thought (XJT) is now the principal ideology governing…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

US versus China in Asian security at Shangri-La dialogue

The annual Singapore sound-off between the defence ministers…
Image shows China’s Premier Li Qiang and Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra. Photo: Lukas Coch/Getty ImagesChina's Premier Li Qiang (L) and Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese shake hands during a signing ceremony at Parliament House in Canberra on June 17, 2024. (Photo by LUKAS COCH / POOL / AFP) (Photo by LUKAS COCH/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

The dangerous retreat into protectionism

Trade barriers, tariffs and other protectionist tools are starting…
winner-takes-it-all_banner - static bannerLaptop showing facial recognition technology © Ivan Marc/shutterstock.com.

Big data in China and the battle for privacy

Big data in China and the battle for privacy Introduction If…
Cyber connected world, view from orbit

Deterrence in cyberspace

Spare the costs, spoil the bad state actor: Deterrence in cyberspace…

Offensive Cyber report makes waves

The new report by the International Cyber Policy Centre, Australia's…
Tank firing

Australia’s Offensive Cyber Capability

FOREWORD The reality of the world we live in today is one…
Illustration by Wes Mountain. ASPI ICPC and Wes Mountain allow this image to be republished under the Creative Commons License Attribution‑Share Alike. Users of the image should use this sentence for image attribution: ‘Illustration by Wes Mountain, commissioned by ASPI’s International Cyber Policy Centre’.Illustration by Wes Mountain. ASPI ICPC and Wes Mountain allow this image to be republished under the Creative Commons License Attribution‑Share Alike. Users of the image should use this sentence for image attribution: ‘Illustration by Wes Mountain, commissioned by ASPI’s International Cyber Policy Centre’.

Preventing another Australia Card fail

Unlocking the potential of digital identity What’s the…

China’s quest for political control and military supremacy in the cyber domain

The People’s Republic of China seeks to contest information…

ASPI Cyber Masterclass ‘In Conversation: The future of cyber and emerging technologies’

Media are invited to attend a special event featuring former…

Roundtable on Practical Futures for Cyber Confidence Building in the ASEAN region

In  this roundtable ASPI brings experts in international…

Is Indonesia catching up in cyberspace?

‘Indonesia is one of the most dynamic economies in the region…
winner-takes-it-all_banner - static bannerLaptop showing facial recognition technology © Ivan Marc/shutterstock.com.

Big data in China and the battle for privacy

Big data in China and the battle for privacy Introduction If…
Cyber connected world, view from orbit

Deterrence in cyberspace

Spare the costs, spoil the bad state actor: Deterrence in cyberspace…

Offensive Cyber report makes waves

The new report by the International Cyber Policy Centre, Australia's…
Tank firing

Australia’s Offensive Cyber Capability

FOREWORD The reality of the world we live in today is one…
Illustration by Wes Mountain. ASPI ICPC and Wes Mountain allow this image to be republished under the Creative Commons License Attribution‑Share Alike. Users of the image should use this sentence for image attribution: ‘Illustration by Wes Mountain, commissioned by ASPI’s International Cyber Policy Centre’.Illustration by Wes Mountain. ASPI ICPC and Wes Mountain allow this image to be republished under the Creative Commons License Attribution‑Share Alike. Users of the image should use this sentence for image attribution: ‘Illustration by Wes Mountain, commissioned by ASPI’s International Cyber Policy Centre’.

Preventing another Australia Card fail

Unlocking the potential of digital identity What’s the…

China’s quest for political control and military supremacy in the cyber domain

The People’s Republic of China seeks to contest information…

ASPI Cyber Masterclass ‘In Conversation: The future of cyber and emerging technologies’

Media are invited to attend a special event featuring former…

Roundtable on Practical Futures for Cyber Confidence Building in the ASEAN region

In  this roundtable ASPI brings experts in international…

Is Indonesia catching up in cyberspace?

‘Indonesia is one of the most dynamic economies in the region…